Seminars in medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston. The cellular basis of hepatic fibrosis. Mechanisms and treatment strategies.
نویسنده
چکیده
From the Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm. 10N262, Bethesda, MD 20892, where reprint requests should be addressed to Dr. Chrousos. C ELSUS described four of the five cardinal signs of inflammation 2000 years ago, and Eustachio discovered the adrenal glands almost 500 years ago, but not until 1936 did Selye note that in rats exposed to stressors, the adrenal glands were enlarged, and the thymus and lymph nodes shrunken. 1-3 Cortisone, the active principle of the adrenal glands, was isolated by Kendall and Reichstein in the late 1940s and shown to suppress immune organs. These scientists, along with Hench, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, after Hench and colleagues showed that cortisone could ameliorate rheumatoid arthritis. 4,5 In recent years, our understanding of the interactions between the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and immune-mediated inflammatory reactions has expanded enormously. This review outlines the influences that the HPA axis and immune-mediated inflammatory reactions exert on each other and discusses the implications of these interactions for human disease.
منابع مشابه
Implant Removal Matrix for the Upper Extremity Orthopedic Surgeon
Orthopedic implant removal is a commonly performed procedure. While implant removal can be associated withimproved symptoms, risks of the surgery are notable. Stripped screws, broken and retained hardware, and morbidityassociated with soft tissue compromise during difficult removal are all common. Familiarity with the instruments iscritical to procedure success. The purpose of...
متن کاملThe Effect of Gentamycin in the Irrigating Solution to Prevent Joint Infection after Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction
Background: Arthroscopic reconstruction of ACL is an effective method to restore knee stability after ACL rupture.Postoperative septic arthritis (SA) is very uncommon while the incidence of serious complications range between0.14% and 1.8%. Some of the devastating consequences of septic arthritis can encompass hyaline cartilage damage,arthrofibrosis, and in rare cases amputation. The purpose of...
متن کاملAssessment of hepatic fibrosis by transient elastography in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving methotrexate
Background and Aim: Methotrexate (MTX) is commonly used in the treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but, its hepatotoxicity potential, always has been a major concern. The aim of this study is to determine the rate of liver fibrosis by transient elastography (TE) method and its relationship with cumulative dose of MTX and duration of treatment, in rheumatoid arthritis patient...
متن کاملComplete heart block and itchy rash in a patient with COVID-19
Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global crisis, as the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic. Complete heart block, resulting from an abnormal heart rhythm, is a rare presentation of this infection, which can be life-threatening due to possible progression into ventricular tachycardia. Case Presentation: We report a c...
متن کاملReadiness, Availability and Utilization of Rural Vietnamese Health Facilities for Community Based Primary Care of Non-communicable Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Survey of 3 Provinces in Northern Vietnam
Background Vietnam’s network of commune health centers (CHCs) have historically managed acute infectious diseases and implemented national disease-specific vertical programs. Vietnam has undergone an epidemiological transition towards non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Limited data exist on Vietnamese CHC capacity to prevent, diagnose, and treat NCDs. In this paper, we assess NCD service r...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
- The New England journal of medicine
دوره 335 13 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1991